Engine-cooling system



Feb. 7, 1928.

' H. c. MALLORY ENGINE cooune SYSTEM Filed July 8 A TTORNE V Patented 7,1%28.

HARRY G. lil'ALLOB-Y, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.; SUE R. MALLORY ADMINISTBATREXOF SAID 1,658,09il PATENT.

HARE? C. IVIALLOBY, DECEASED.

ENGI NE-CQOLING SYSTEM.

Application filed July 8,

My present invention comprises improvements in that type of coolingsystem primarily devised for use for automobile and analogous internalcombustion engines'in which all or practically all of the heatabstracted trom the engineby the cooling liquid is normally utilized invaporizing the cooling liquid and is dissipated in a con denser in whichthe vapor is condensed, and in which provisions are advantageously madefor regulating the capacity of the condenser as required to maintain aconstant vapor pressure in the system and thereby maintain the liquidleaving the jacket at a constant temperature. I

'lhe general object of the present invention is to provide improvedapparatus for the purpose specified characterized in par ticular by thesimple and etl'ective provisions which it comprises for maintaining aforced circulation or the cooling liquid through the jacket undervarying conditions of use for separating the vapors formed from theunvaporized liquid passing through the jacket and condensing saidvapors, and for maintaining in the system cooling liquid in Variableexcess over the minimum required for the operation of the system. i

The various features oi novelty which characterize my invention arepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart or this specification. For a better understanding of the invention,however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference should be had tothe accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I haveillustrated and described a preferred embodiment of my invention.

9f the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation with parts broken away and in section of anautomobile engine equipped with my improved cooling system; and I Fig. 2is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

In the embodiment of my invention illus trated in the drawings, Arepresents the cooling .liquid jacket for the cylinder A of an ordinaryinternal combustion automobile engine. An inlet A is provided at thebottom of the jacket space ior the cooling liquid which will ordinarilybe water or a water and alcohol mixture, and A represents an upperoutlet from the jacket. In the particular construction shown the out1921. Serial No. 4323,2 33.

chamber oi condenser B by a, downwardly inclined conduit which is sovshaped and is of suiiiciently large internal diameter as to normallyprovide a continuous open thoroughfare for the passage of vapor as wellas to provide a path of flow i'or unvaporized liquid from the jacketoutlet A into the condenser chamber B The condenser chamber 13* servesboth as the vapor inlet chamber and the hot well of the, condenser. Thecondensing surfaces may be and are shown as being similar to the coolingsurfaces of an ordinary automobile radiator comprising horizontallydisposed open ended tubes. connected together at their ends to term thecorresponding portions of the end walls the condenser shell. Air is Thedrawn through the tubes by a fan G. tubes B in the condenser E arespaced away from the lower edge of the condenser to provide a vaporspace and hot well 18* of appreciable size and are spaced away fromtheside edges of the condenser to provide vapor distributing .cha *nels Bthrough which, the vapor enters the intertube'space at its sides.Bullies R are provided to prevent the direct entrance of vapor into thelower end of the intertube space while permitt ng the ready escape ofliquid of condensation. Advantageously as shown these baflles and thelower tubes are arranged to provide acentral recess or notch in the tubebank into which the pipe C opens. This makes it possible, to locate thedischarge end of the ripe C vell above phe bottom edge of the ot well sothat the latter can hold a conlderable quantity of liquid withoutscaling is lower end of the pipe 2 while at the some time the airremovalpipes H hereinafter referred to may be surrounded by tubes l3 andstill be below the path of the blades of the fan G.

Liquid of condensation formed in the condenser, and unvaporizcd liquidentering the b om chamber li oi the latter through the conduit-C arepassed to the water inlet A of the jacket by a conduit 1) including apump E. Aovantageously in some cases the conduit D termed as shown witha goose neck portion l) extendi to the water level which it is desiredto maintain in the jacket to prevent the jacket from draining when thepump is stopped. To prevent siphon draining the goose neck should bevented as by means of the vapor equalizing connection F from the top ofthe goose neck into the top of the jacket. The pump E is driven from theengine shaft through a reduction gear conventionally illustrated at illand through which the driving belt G for the fan G" is also driven.

Preferably provisions are made for admitting air to and withdrawing airfrom the condenser as disclosed in my prior Patent l O. 1,424,66 l,August 1, 1922, and in my prior application, Serial No. 473,439, filedMay 28, 1921, to thereby vary the capacity ot the condenser as requiredto maintain an approximately constant vapor pressure and.

temperature in the condenser notwithstanding variations of engine loadand in the temperature of the external atmosphere. The means shown forthis purpose comprises piping H connected through a steam trap I to thesuction intake manifold of the engine to thereby exhaust air from thecondenser as required to maintain a minus pressure therein. As shown thepiping H comprises two branches each of which projects through thecondenser and is closed at its tront end and is formed w1th an a 1 inletH at its under sidethrough which air may enter from the intertube spacebut into which water of condensation draining down from the condensingtubes B will not fall. The piping H opens into the intertube spaceadjacent its lower end and preferably as shown, in the projection of thetube bank at the sides of the discharge end 01 the pipe C The minuspressure maintained in the condenser is fixed by the adjustment of avacu um relief valve K which automatically opens to admit air to thecondenser when the pres sure of the atmosphere exceeds the pressure inthe condenser by a predetermined amount.

In the preferred contemplated mode of use of the apparatus shown in thedrawings, the pump E passes water into the jacket at a rate appreciablyin excess of the rate of evaporation, and the Vapor formed in the jacketand the unvaporized portion of the liquid both pass out of the jacketthrough the outlet A and thence through the pipe G into the condenserchamber B The vapor entering the chamber 13* or liberated therein passesinto the sides of the intertube space through the distributing channelsB and is condensed. The liquid of condensation passes down through theintertube space into the hot well B The air entering into the systemthrough leaky joints or admitted by the valve K tends to concentrateabout the air pipes H, both because of its greater specific gravity, andbecause the character of the circulation in the condenser tends to carryit there. In consequence air may be removed through the piping H asrequired without removing appreciable amounts of vapor at the same time.It de sired the pipe C and the hot well walls may be insulated a ainstheat losses thus facilitating the operation of the engine, and

particularly the starting of the engine, in

cold weather, as well as reducing the danger of trouble from freezing.The hot well 1% is advantageously proportioned to hold a considerableamount of water, and the water thus stored in the system is in excess ofthat required for regular operation, reduces the frequency with whichwater must be added to the system to make for liquid and vapor losses.

in the preferred construction and mode of operation contemplated, a freeVapor space is maintained in the upper portion of the engine jacket intowhich all or the major portion of the vapor liberated in the systeminitully passes. The apparatus will still function however underconditions inwhich the tluid passing through the pip-e is'mainly boilingliquid and entrained Vapor in "which case the vapor to be condensedseparates from the liquid wholly or mainly in hot well The describedprovisions the With the apparatus disclosed I obtain the advantages or acontinuous forced circulation of liquid through the acket coupled withthe tei'nperature control and radiator.

capacity characteristic of a cooling system in which the heat dissipatedis wholly or mainly latent heat of evaporation'liberated in thecondenser. The piping required with the present invention is verysimple. The proper amount or liquid may be maintained in the jacket A atall times without re quiring special overflow or control mechanism, andwith a variable excess of liquid in the system, v

While in accordance with the provisions or the statutes 1 haveillustrated and described the best forms of my present invention nowknown to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatchanges may be made in the form of my invention without departing fromthe spirit of my invention. as set forth in the appended claims and thatcertain features of my invention may sometimes be usedto advantagewithout corresponding use otother features.

Having now described myinvention, what admitting air to andwithdrawingair I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,1s:

1. In a cooling system for internal combustion engines, the combinationwith the engine jacket, of a condenser comprising a shell and condensingsurfaces so spaced within the shell as to provide a hot wel and vaporspace at the bottom of the shell and one or more vapor distributingchannels extending upward from said space, an air outlet opening to theinterior of said shell in the lower portion of the mass of condensingsurfaces, a downwardly extending connection from the top of the acket tothe bottom of the condenser for passing liquid and vapor from the jacketinto the bottom of the condenser, and means forpassing liquid from thebottom of the condenser into the jacket.

2. In a cooling s stem for internal combustion engines, the combinationwith the engine jacket, of a condenser comprising a shell and condensingsurfaces so spaced within the shell as to provide a hot well and vaporspace at the bottom of the shell and one or more vapor distributingchannels extending upwar r from said space, baffles between said spaceand the condensing surfaces preventing the direct upward flow of vaporinto the lower end of the mass of condensing surfaces, an air outletopening to the interior of said shell in the lower portion of the massof condensing surfaces, a

downwardly extending connection from the top of the jacket to the bottomof the condenser for passing liquid and vapor from thejacket into thebottom of the condenser, and means for passing liquid from the bottom ofthe condenser into the jacket.

3. In a cooling system for internal C0111- bustion engines, thecombination With the engine jacket provided with a vertically ex-'ceeding the rate at which liquid is vaporized in the jacket, adownwardly inclined connection from the jacket outlet to the conden' seropening to the vapor and hot well space therein at a level appreciablyabove the outlet therefrom and normally providing both a path of flowfor unvaporized liquid and an open thoroughfare for the passage of vaporfrom the jacket outlet into the hot well and vapor space of thecondenser.

Signed at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this7th day of July A. D. 1921.

HARRY C. MALLORY.

